NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO
Latest IssueVolume: 8 - Issue 5 NVEO is the major OPEN ACCESS medium since 2014 for the publication new findings and research on natural volatiles and essential oils research and applications. It is initiated by the permanent scientific committee of ISEO (International Symposium of Essential Oils) during the 45th meeting in 2014 in Istanbul. The journal is principally aimed at publishing initially the abstracts, thereafter the proceedings of the ISEOs, but is also a peer reviewed journal for publishing original research articles and reviews in the field of natural volatiles and essential oils including wide ranging issues on the analysis, chemistry, biological and pharmacological activities, agriculture, biotechnology, applications and regulatory affairs, etc. Published four times per year, NVEO provides articles on the aromatic principles of a plant or its isolates and are directed toward furthering the readers’ knowledge of the aromatic plant and animal kingdoms. Name: NVEO – Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils e-ISSN: 2148-9637 Contact: editor@nveo.org Publisher: Green Publication Services Pvt. Ltd.
All articles published in NVEO are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Logic Of Complementarity As A Synthesis To Completeness And Incompleteness Theorems Of Godel
Mathematical logic is central to logic in the modern time. This mounts great emphasis on formal systems and arithmetical laws which are correlational to human reason but less regards to intuition. The aim of this paper is an attempt to draw a logical complementarity as a synthesis to the extremes of completeness and incompleteness theorems of Kurt Godel. Using the analytical method of research, this paper makes a critique of completeness and incompleteness theorems of Godel, hence exposing their limitations/inadequacies in the representation of reality in entirety. The paper studies completeness theorem as a theory which is both consistent and complete while incompleteness theorem demonstrates the fundamental inadequacies of formal systems. In the same vein, this papers studies formalism as the popular stand of logicians in the 19th century with particular concern on Hilbert. Also, the studies reviews the strength and weakness of both completeness and incompleteness theorems. By appraisal, this paper opines that a true logical position that represents the wholeness of reality and humans is a logical complementarity of both completeness and incompleteness theorems. Thus while completeness theorem shows the strength of formal systems correlational to reason, incompleteness theorem punctures the inadequacies of formal systems to address intuitive capacities of the human person beyond the provisions and provability of reason.
Godel, completeness, incompleteness, formalism, intuition, etc.
Copyright (c) 2019 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
DECONSTRUCTING PERSONALITY STATUS OF AUTISM IN NIGERIA TOWARDS NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
The aim of this paper is an attempt towards a conceptual redefinition of autism personality status in Nigeria. This study applies both expository and analytic methods to expose some Nigerians’ conceptual assumptions of autism in comparison to global practices, hence by analytical method re-frame prevalent autism definitions in Nigeria. Autism is a neurodevelopmental phenomenon charaterized by differences in reciprocal communication. It is a spectrum manifest in variations of verbal and non-verbal communication styles, repetitive behaviors, preference for structured routines, etc. They have been proven to have a very high intellectual capacity, high level of concentration leading to expertise in special career paths, etc. Th findings of this research reveal that the greatest challenge to autism in Nigeria is the problem of misconceptualization, hence demarcating autistic persons as abnormal humans. This misconception include; defining autistic people as sick, caused, spiritual/evil/demonic possession, etc. Similarly, this study shows that beyond the misconceptualization of autism, raising autistic children poses daunting physical, psycho-spiritual and social challenges to their care givers in Nigeria, hence exposing autistic people to poor care. From the findings, this study proposes immediate and informed targeted psychosocial support interventions to assuage the stigma and demarcations of people with autism. Also, the key stakeholders ought to provide suitable healthcare facilities and resources for autistic people. In conclusion, when there are informed targeted psychosocial support interventions and the key stakeholders become intentional, hence there would be an assurance of full integration and participation of autistic people in societal life.
Austistic people, misconceptions, Stigma, psychosocial support, and Nigeria.
Copyright (c) 2020 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relevance of Boolean Logic to Modern Society
The aim of this paper is to critically and historically situate the relevance of Boolean logic to the structure and dynamism of the contemporary society. In his groundbreaking work; An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854), Boole traces the transformation of algebraic logic from a philosophical project into the formal backbone of modern computational systems. The modern society relevance of this study becomes obvious hence, situating Boolean logic within a broader intellectual lineage that includes Claude Shannon’s formalization of switching circuits, Alan Turing’s theory of computation, and subsequent developments in artificial intelligence, information retrieval, and cryptography. Adopting an expository and analytical method of research, the paper demonstrates that Boolean logic functions not merely as a historical artifact but as a foundational grammar in the modern society underlying digital infrastructures, from microprocessor design to database querying and algorithmic decision-making. At the same time, it critically examines the limitations of strict bivalent reasoning in contexts characterized by uncertainty, ambiguity, and ethical complexity. By engaging with extensions such as fuzzy logic, probabilistic reasoning, and contemporary critiques in algorithmic ethics, the study argues that Boolean logic persists as both a necessary foundation and an evolving framework.
Logic, Boole, digital computing, artificial intelligence, information retrieval, and algorithmic ethics.
Copyright (c) 2021 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Ergonomics Among Dental Undergraduates In Chennai
Introduction: Ergo means work and Nomos stands for natural law (or) system. Ergonomics is also called human engineering (or) human factors. Due to their working nature, dentists are mostly affected by musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). The aim of this study is to assess the Undergraduate Dental students knowledge, attitude and practise towards Ergonomics. Materials and methods: The cross sectional study was conducted among the third, final and intern undergraduate dental students of Private Dental Colleges in Chennai. A pre-validated questionnaire containing 12 questions has been shared to 105 undergraduate dental students through google survey form. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done to analyse the responses Results: Majority of undergraduate dental students of 3rd year work for 6-8hours, 4th and 5th year work for 7-8 hrs. Most undergraduate dental students (42.86%) declared that they adopt a combination of sitting and standing positions. Four handed dentistry was practiced by 3rd year students (15.24%). About 28.57% of them experienced pain in the lower back, upper back and neck region. The majority of them (23.81%) the risk factor for MSD is contact stress. There is no significant difference in the working hours, working position and pain experienced during working among the undergraduate dental students (p>0.05). Conclusion: Awkward postures, contact stress and repetitive motions are the major risk factors of MSD mostly in the lower back and neck. Dental professionals should follow four handed dentistry to minimize unnecessary motion. Only <25% of undergraduate dental students practice four handed dentistry.
Human engineering, musculoskeletal disorders, green energy, forehand dentistry, proper instrumentation.
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Ethnomedicine For Common Oral And Dental Diseases In Patients Attending Private Dental Hospitals
INTRODUCTION: Ethnomedicinal plants were used during ancient times to treat human diseases. It is still practiced in developing and underdeveloped countries . It is preferred by people as it is economical, accessible and has less side effects. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of ethnomedicine for oral diseases in patients attending private dental institutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the patients attending private dental college. A pre-validated questionnaire containing 14 questions in English and vernacular language (Tamil) has been distributed to patients attending private dental hospitals. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version -23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed to present the responses. RESULTS: It was assessed that females (51.6%) have more knowledge about ethnomedicine than males (48.3%). People from Thiruvallur district (51.6%) have more knowledge about ethnomedicine than people from Chennai (48.3%). It was also assessed that around 16 plants were used by the people to maintain their oral hygiene and to cure dental problems. There was no significant difference in the knowledge and practice of ethnomedicine among males and females. CONCLUSION: People residing in Thiruvallur have more knowledge about ethnomedicinal and its benefits than people residing in Chennai. Females have more knowledge and ideas about ethnomedicinal plants than males. People encourage and prefer to use ethnomedicinal plants as it has less side effects and it is economical and easily accessible compared to allopathic medicines.
Ethnomedicine, oral and dental diseases, knowledge, green synthesis
Hybrid High Performance Cloud Oriented Big Data Processing Pipeline for Mobility Aware Predictive Analytics Multimedia Mining and Distributed Decision Making in Mobile Communication Systems
This paper proposes a Hybrid High-Performance Cloud-Oriented Big Data Processing Pipeline focusing on the mobility-aware predictive analytics, multimedia mining and distributed decision-making in mobile communication systems. The former harvests cloud computer capacity and the latter leverages edge computing low-latency intelligence to build a joint data pipeline to deal with heterogeneous multimedia and mobility data stream in real time. It features multi-layered processing hierarchy, federated aggregation, adaptive offloading and AI-based predictive modelling to balance the system scalability and energy efficiency. It was deployed using Docker-based edge simulations, Kubernetes orchestration and public clouds AWS & GCP for big data analytics. Experimental results show 96.4% prediction accuracy, 38% reduction on latency and 22% improvement of energy efficiency when compared to the baseline cloud and federated models. The results show that the proposed model provides effective and efficient solution for big data processing in massive mobile networks.
Cloud Computing, Big Data Pipeline, Mobility-Aware Analytics, Edge Computing, Multimedia Mining, Distributed Decision Making.
Osteometric analysis of hard palate in south Indian dry skull
Introduction:The palate provides the roof of the oral cavity and floor for the nasal cavity. It consists of both hard and soft. The hard palate is made up of bones. The palatine process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone possess greater and lesser palatine foramen. It is an important bone to consider in various anatomical studies. Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyse the hard palate by morphometric measurements. Material and Method:The study was conducted in 30 south indian dry skulls from Saveetha Dental College, chennai. Distance between incisive foramen to posterior nasal spine. The following parameters were analyzed. They are the distance between intermaxillary suture (meeting point) to posterior nasal spine, right palatomaxillary suture to common meeting point of intermaxillary suture, left palatomaxillary suture to common meeting point of intermaxillary suture, maximum distance of greater palatine foramen and maximum distance between lesser palatine foramen. The measurements are done by using vernier calipers. The results were analysed by using the t-test calculator in the graph pad . Results:The present study observed the mean distance between incisive foramen to posterior nasal spine was 24.1527 ± 4.9736, intermaxillary suture (meeting point) to posterior nasal spine was 10.9506 ± 1.7556, right palatomaxillary suture to common meeting point of intermaxillary suture was 13.5913 ± 2.1110, left palatomaxillary suture to the common meeting point of intermaxillary suture was 13.1606 ± 1.3718, maximum distance of greater palatine foramen was 29.2813 ± 4.1970 and maximum distance of lesser palatine foramen was 29.7617 ± 3.6126 . Conclusion:The present study thus concluded that the morphometric analysis is of utmost importance in various studies such as anatomical, anthropological and clinical studies.
Hard palate, maxilla, interpalatine suture and cruciate suture.
Gautam Buddha’s Four Noble Truths: It’s Application
The Four Noble Truths taught by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) is the foundation of Buddha’s teachings, philosophy and ethics. Despite originating over two millennia ago, these teachings still remain relevant in the modern world. It offers a timeless framework for understanding and alleviating human suffering. In the 21st century, marked by technological advancement, social complexity, and existential challenges, these truths remain relevant and transformative. This paper explores how the Four Noble Truths can be applied to modern issues such as mental health, social justice, consumerism, environmental degradation, personal well-being and global conflict. It argues that these ancient teaching provide practical tools for cultivating mindfulness, resilience, and ethical living in contemporary society.
Buddhism, Four Noble Truths, Suffering, mental health, Modern Application, Mindfulness, 21st Century, Sustainable living, Personal Development.
Knowledge And Awareness About The Need To Take Covid-19 Vaccination Among General Population - A Cross Sectional Survey
BACKGROUND: Getting immunised is very important for the community as it is a shield that covers the body from getting infected. Some of the early age mortality disease spread is still prevailing. Creating awareness through the survey can inculcate the importance of getting vaccinated. AIM: To assess the Knowledge and awareness of the general public on the necessity and benefits of getting vaccinated against COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The population of age between 18- 40 was considered for the survey which was taken electronically- a Pre-tested, structured questionnaire containing 8 questions was sent to the participants. The data collected was tabulated and parameters were analysed by Pearson’s chi-square test using the IBM SPSS software (version 23). RESULTS: About 28.13% are not aware about the necessity and benefits of getting vaccinated. And about 43.75% have not taken any vaccination in the course of time while 35% had ill effects after getting vaccinated. And about 38.13% have tested negative for COVID-19 in which 21.88% of females and 41.25% of males have tested negative in which 15.63% of people aged to 18-20, 33.75% of people aged to 20-30 and 13.75% of people aged to 30-40. CONCLUSION: The overall awareness level of the people was inadequate. Educating the public through awareness programs, camps and research programs can improve their attitude and perception towards vaccination. Increasing knowledge and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination would ensure widespread, positive uptake of them.
Awareness, Benefits, Covid- 19 Vaccine, Immunisation, Innovative study
Induction Of Bax And Activation Of Caspases By Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract Of Citrullus Colocynthis (L)- Mediated Apoptosis In Human Lung Cancer Cells
BACKGROUND: When it comes to cancer, lung cancer is the leading cause of death. A commonly used medicinal plant is Citrullus colocynthis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of hydroethanolic leaf extract on A549 human lung cancer cells and its effect on bax and caspases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell viability test was done using MTT assay. mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-9 was done by real-time PCR. The data was analysed statistically by one way analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test with graphpad prism version 5 software. p<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: This study demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of Citrullus colocynthis leaf extract was maximum at 400 and 500 μg concentration. The extract has significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-9 in cancer cell lines (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: It has been concluded that Citrullus colocynthis has anticancer properties by increasing the mRNA expression of Bax and Caspase-9 and this could be because of the phytochemicals present in it.
Citrullus colocynthis, A549 human lung cancer cells, bax, caspases, innovative technique
Covid-19 Vaccine Boon Or Bane - A Survey Among Chennai Population
Background: Coronavirus has affected millions of people throughout the world. Many people have died due to the coronavirus. The only cure is to find a proper vaccine that would prevent the infection. Developing a vaccine is a challenging process and it would take many years to develop a fool-proof vaccine. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess if covid-19 vaccine is considered a boon or bane among the Chennai city population. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared and circulated to the people who are residing in Chennai city using google forms. Statistical analysis was done using bar graphs, pie charts, and association using chi-square tests (p<0.05 was considered significant). Data was analysed using SPSS software v23.0. It included demographic data, questions related to vaccines. One hundred and eight responses were received. Results: 52.3% of the population reported that covid-19 vaccine is bane and the rest 47.7% of population that covid-19 vaccine is boon. 49.7% of the population think that Pfizer vaccine is safe Conclusion: A considerable percentage of the people are apprehensive to get vaccinated thinking it will have side effects. If the people are not willing to get vaccinated, control of spreading the virus will become difficult for the health care system. Hence mass vaccination is the best option to control the disease spread.
COVID-19, vaccine, boon, bane, Chennai, Innovative technologyRunning title : COVID-19 vaccine boon or bane
Improvement Of Cold-Flow Properties Of Biodiesel And Its Blends In Petroleum-Based Diesel
Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) which is derived from triglycerides by transesterification has attracted considerable attention during the past decade as a renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic fuel. Several processes for biodiesel fuel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali as catalyst gives high level of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl ester in a short duration. This process has therefore been widely utilized for biodiesel fuel production in a number of countries. In India, non-edible oils like karanja oil and jatropha oil are available in abundance, which can be converted to biodiesel. The present work deals with influence of chemical additives polymethyl acrylate (PMA) and poly alpha olefin (PAO) on the flow properties of biodiesel made from Jatropha and Karanja oils and its blends in petroleum based diesel fuels and anhydrous ethanol at low temperatures. Effect of ethanol and commercial additives on cold flow behavior of this biodiesel was studied. A considerable reduction in pour point has been noticed by using these cold flow improvers. The experimental results showed that the poly alpha olefin additive was very effective in the depression of the pour point of jatropha biodiesel and karanja biodiesel and retard viscosity increase of biodiesel at low temperatures when incorporated into biodiesel at the additive contents of 5.0 g/L.
Biodiesel, Pour point, Cloud point, Kinematic viscosity, Biodiesel-Diesel blends
Copyright (c) 2018 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Knowledge, Awareness, And Prevalence Of Androphobia Among Undergraduate Dental Students - A Questionnaire Survey
Phobia is known as an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something. Androphobia is defined as a fear of men. The term originated inside feminist movements to balance the term ‘gynophobia’ which is fear of women. Both men and women can be affected by Androphobia Aim: The main aim of the study is to conduct a survey to assess the awareness and prevalence of Androphobia among dental students. Materials and methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted among 100 dental students. An online e-questionnaire was prepared with questions to explore the awareness regarding androphobia and the responses were collected and statistically analysed in SPSS, the statistical analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Results: Only 52% of the dental students know what Androphobia is. Most of the responses recorded do not fear men, only 40% fear for men. Among symptoms observed by the populations, increased heart beat is 74.4%, which is more among the dental students. Around 58.4% of the dental students did not have any impact on their life because of Androphobia.39% of the students talk frequently to men and 30% of the students often talk to men. Out of total responses, 55.3% have not taken any steps to overcome Androphobia, only 19.1% have taken steps to overcome Androphobia. Conclusion: In this present study, the observed results had negative responses, which states that most of the population did not have fear of men and most of them have not taken any steps to overcome Androphobia.
Androphobia, dental students, fear, men, survey
Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils: A Human Resource Management Interpretation within Wellness-Oriented Production Systems (2022)
By the early 2020s, natural volatiles and essential oils had moved beyond niche markets to become embedded within global wellness, pharmaceutical, and lifestyle industries. Academic discussions during this period, however, continued to privilege technical efficiency, chemical composition, and market expansion, while paying comparatively limited attention to the human systems sustaining these activities. This paper develops an interpretive human resource management (HRM) perspective on the essential oils sector as it existed in 2022. Rather than reiterating established HR definitions, the study positions workforce capabilities, embodied skills, and well-being-oriented work practices as central organizing principles of production. Drawing selectively on strategic human capital logic, sustainability-oriented employment thinking, and well-being scholarship, the paper advances the argument that organizational outcomes in this sector are inseparable from how labor is organized, protected, and developed. The contribution lies in reframing essential oils production as a human-centered system rather than a purely technical process, thereby extending HRM scholarship into a context rarely examined in management research.
Natural Volatiles, Essential Oils, Human Resource Management (HRM), Sustainable HRM Employee Well-Being, Tacit Knowledge, Wellness-Oriented Production Systems Workforce Sustainability, Informal Employment, Human-Centered Production.
Copyright (c) 2024 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect Of Additives On Flow Properties Of Pure Biodiesels And Their Mixturesat Low
The effect of concentration of two chemical additives polymethacrylate (PMA) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) on the cloud point, pour point and kinematic viscosity of Jatropha biodiesel and Karanja biodiesel and their mixture has been studied. The concentration of a chemical additive has been varied in the range of 0 – 10 g/L. For the same concentration 7.5 g/L of chemical additive, the reduction in the cloud point is 40C with PAO compared to 20C with PMA. and the reduction in pour point is 10–110C with PAO compared to 7–80C with PMA. With increase in concentration of either PMA or PAO from 0 to 10 g/L, the reduction of 20 ¬ 25 percent in kinematic viscosity of pure biodiesels and their mixture has been observed. This study indicates that PAO is superior compared to PMA in improving the flow properties of Jatropha biodiesel and Karanja biodiesel and their mixture at low temperatures.
Jatropha biodiesel, Karanja biodiesel, Cloud point, Pour point, Kinematic viscosity, polymethacrylate (PMA), polyalphaolefin (PAO)
Efficient 5-HMF production from Glucose and Fructose by using solid acid super catalyst
The glucose and fructose conversion into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an essential step in biomass valorisation, offering a sustainable pathway to bio-based compounds. In this study, a single-phase and biphasic catalytic system was explored for processing diverse feedstock molecules to produce 5-HMF. Through extensive catalyst screening, it was determined that solid acid catalyst, MCM-41-type material like Al-MCM-41 (Si/Al = 100), exhibit the highest efficiency for this conversion. Optimized reaction conditions, including catalyst loading (20–30 wt% of the substrate), water-to-substrate ratio (25–30), and reaction parameters (160–170°C for 6–12 hours), resulted in crude 5-HMF yields of 40–50 mol%. After purification using NaHCO₃ to remove acids, the pure 5-HMF yield was 20–25 mol%. Despite these promising results, significant challenges remain, including the complex analysis and isolation processes and the inherent instability of 5-HMF, which leads to secondary by-products such as organic acids. These findings underscore the potential of MCM-41-based catalyst for effective 5-HMF production while highlighting the need for improved separation and stabilization strategies.
Gill Damage Patterns in Heteropneustes fossilis Exposed to Cypermethrin: A Diagnostic Tool for Monitoring Freshwater Contamination
The widespread application of cypermethrin in agriculture leads to its persistent entry into natural waters, where it may compromise fish health. This work investigates the progression of structural disturbances in the gills of Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to sublethal cypermethrin concentrations for 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Gill samples were processed using standard histological techniques and examined to determine lesion patterns associated with exposure duration. Even the shortest exposure interval produced visible epithelial disruption, including swelling, local detachment, and initial fusion of secondary lamellae. As exposure time increased, lamellar deformation intensified, accompanied by hyperplasia of chloride cells, marked vacuolation, hemorrhagic regions, and distortion of pillar cell arrangement. After 96 hours of exposure, the gill framework showed severe necrosis and extensive fragmentation, suggesting functional collapse. The gradual escalation of tissue injury indicates that gill morphology can provide a sensitive measure of pesticide stress in aquatic organisms. These results confirm that cypermethrin impairs respiratory surfaces in H. fossilis and support the application of gill histopathology in monitoring chemical contamination in freshwater systems.
pyrethroid toxicity; gill lesions; Heteropneustes fossilis; environmental contaminant monitoring; histopathology; respiratory tissue damage; biomarker
Impact of Decentralization of Reproductive Health Governance on Maternal and Newborn Health Outcomes in Nigeria`s Sub- national Levels: A Systematic Review
Decentralization is often hailed as a vital reform aimed at bolstering health systems and enhancing service delivery in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, Nigeria still grapples with troubling maternal and newborn health outcomes, despite the existence of federal policies and donor initiatives, which vary significantly from state to state. This study delves into how decentralization and the autonomy of state-level policies influence reproductive health governance and outcomes in Nigeria. It brings to light both global and regional evidence while examining the differences in maternal and newborn health indicators within the framework of Nigeria’s decentralized governance. Methodology: In August 2025, we carried out a thorough search across various platforms like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar. Our goal was to explore how decentralization and state-level policy autonomy affect maternal and newborn health in Nigeria. We ended up including two hundred studies from the years 2000 to 2024, all centered around decentralization, health governance, and the outcomes for mothers and newborns. The studies we considered provided either quantitative or qualitative insights on key indicators such as maternal mortality rate (MMR), neonatal mortality rate (NMR), antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendance, and immunization rates. These studies spanned global, African, and specifically Nigerian contexts, and also referenced reports from WHO, UNICEF, the Federal Ministry of Health, and the National Primary Health Care Development Agency. We made sure to exclude any non-English and non-empirical articles, and we removed duplicates to keep our findings clean and relevant. Results & Discussion: Recent findings highlight significant differences in maternal and newborn health outcomes across Nigeria’s six geo-political zones. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) is alarmingly high in the North West at 1,012 per 100,000 live births and in the North East at 930, which is nearly five times greater than the South West's rate of 211. Similarly, the newborn mortality rate (NMR) shows a concerning pattern, with the North West at 37 per 1,000 and the North East at 35, both far surpassing the South West's rate of 19. These disparities point to the varying abilities of states to exercise policy autonomy. States with stronger autonomy, like Lagos, Ekiti, and Anambra, report lower MMRs (ranging from 200 to 280) and NMRs (between 18 and 21), while states with less autonomy, such as Kano, Zamfara, and Yobe, face much higher MMRs (920 to 1,050) and NMRs (38 to 42). The coverage of skilled birth attendance also varies dramatically: high-autonomy states see 80 to 89% coverage, while low-autonomy states lag behind at just 19 to 23%. Overall, these results suggest that decentralized governance and enhanced state-level policy autonomy could lead to more effective maternal and newborn health interventions, especially by improving access to skilled health professionals. Conclusion: The Nigerian case confirms that decentralization, when paired with accountability, political will, and equitable resource distribution, can improve reproductive health outcomes. However, without adequate oversight and fiscal equity mechanisms, decentralization risks exacerbating disparities in maternal and newborn health across states. There is need to connect resource allocation and technical support to tangible evidence of progress on the agreed RMNH outcome indicators.
Decentralization, Policy Autonomy, Health Governance, Maternal and Newborn Health Indicators.
The Gospel And Christian Education: Following The Lamb In The Formation Of Our Schools
This research explores the transformative role of the Gospel in Christian education, emphasizing how it guides the formation of schools, aligns lives, and shapes students according to the teachings of Jesus. By integrating Gospel principles, Christian schools foster spiritual growth, academic excellence, and moral integrity. Through curriculum design, pedagogical approaches, and community engagement, these institutions strive to model the way of Jesus, encouraging students to develop a Christ-centered worldview. The study underscores the necessity of a holistic approach to education that nurtures faith, character, and intellect, ensuring that the values of the Gospel permeate every aspect of the school experience.
Gospel Integration, Christian Education, Faith-based Curriculum, Spiritual Formation, Christ-centered Worldview
B.Ed Students’ Mindset Towards Sitting in Class: A Study
The Bachelor of Education (B. Ed) program requires intensive classroom engagement, yet many students display varying levels of motivation, attention, and classroom participation. This study investigates the mindset of B. Ed students toward sitting in class, focusing on factors such as motivation, interest, comfort, teaching effectiveness, and classroom environment. Using a descriptive survey method, data were collected from 100 B. Ed students through a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that students’ mindset is influenced by teaching style, lesson relevance, classroom climate, and physical comfort. Recommendations include improving interactive teaching practices, incorporating ICT tools, and providing flexible seating arrangements.
“Crocus sativus L. : An overview of morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile and biotechnological advances”.
Saffron (Crocus sativus), a highly priced and prominent spice of the global market has massive medicinal and industrial value, in pertinence to the pharmacological nature of the bioactive compounds present in its stigma. These bioactive constituents viz. carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, apocarotenoids are the secondary metabolites (safranal, crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin) synthesized by the plant mainly for its defense and survival. These compounds also serve as deterrents against pathogens as well as herbivores, protect the plant against various environmental stresses, help in pollination, pigmentation, seed dispersal; thereby playing an active role in plant-plant interactions, plant signalling cascades and plant microbe-interactions. Their quantity of production is dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions and factors regulating the growth of corms and emergence of flowering in this plant. Moreover, the pattern of vegetative propagation of its corms hampers its genetic modification, due to which a standardised platform for its tissue culture in lab-controlled conditions becomes urgent so as to genetically improve it for the production of metabolites in gigantic amounts and further used in medicine for human welfare. This review is a concise explanation of morphology, physiology and phytochemistry of Crocus sativus with emphasis on its response to biotic as well as abiotic stresses and biosynthetic pathway associated with its secondary metabolite production; thus, highlighting its significance in food, cosmetics and modern medicine.
Crocus sativus, safranal, crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, abiotic and biotic stress, secondary metabolite, tissue culture.
Empirical Analysis on Investor Behaviour and Sustainability Preference in Green Bond Adoption in Urban Bengaluru
This research investigates the determinants of investor behaviour and sustainability preferences on the adoption of green bonds in the burgeoning Indian financial sector, specifically in Bengaluru Urban. This examines the interplay of financial literacy, risk perception, investor trust, and environmental values in influencing investors' willingness to utilise sustainable financial products. Primary data were collected from 312 individual investors using a purposive sampling strategy using a structured questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0's Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The bootstrap resampling technique was employed to assess the reliability and significance of the path correlations among constructs. The findings indicate that financial literacy and knowledge of green finance are the two paramount factors facilitating the purchase of green bonds. Investors with greater financial knowledge exhibit increased confidence and trust, hence enhancing their propensity to adopt. Risk perception and investor confidence emerged as critical factors, as risk-averse investors are disinclined to participate without assurances of the openness and credibility of green bond issuers. Preferences for sustainability, characterised by environmental concern and a commitment to social responsibility, are strong predictors of investment willingness, suggesting that ethical reasons might mitigate modest financial anxieties. The study identifies many barriers, including insufficient market knowledge, concerns regarding market immaturity, and the potential for green washing, despite the researcher’s commendable aims. The findings indicate that India requires targeted legislative modifications, enhanced investor education, and standardised reporting mechanisms to boost investor trust and accelerate the development of its green bond market, hence facilitating the attainment of overarching sustainability objectives.
Investor Behaviour, Sustainability Preference, Financial Literacy, Risk Perception, Trust in Green Investment, Green Bond Adoption
Advances In Functional And Structural Materials: Progress And Perspectives
The past twenty years have been particularly fruitful, moving beyond conventional limitations to discover and engineer materials with exceptional properties. Key examples illustrate this evolution: graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, demonstrated extraordinary electronic and mechanical strength, fundamentally challenging existing concepts of 2D materials. Simultaneously, the emergence of metamaterials synthetic composites structured to exhibit properties not found in nature has allowed for unprecedented control over light and sound waves. Perhaps most transformative in the energy sector is the rise of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, which have achieved remarkable efficiencies in solar cells, potentially making them a low-cost alternative to silicon. These breakthroughs aren't merely accidental discoveries; they stem from sophisticated understanding of structural design at the nanoscale and mastery over complex processing techniques. This ongoing work continues to redefine performance limits, opening new possibilities in electronics (e.g., faster, flexible devices), energy (e.g., high-efficiency solar and storage), and biomedical engineering (e.g., smart drug delivery and prosthetics), making advanced materials a crucial frontier for future technological development.
Advanced Materials, Graphene, Metamaterials, Perovskites, Hybrid Architectures
Oral Hygiene Awareness And Practice Amongst Patients Visiting Dental College And Hospital, Chennai
BACKGROUND: Toothbrushes and floss are most commonly used for oral hygiene although interdental brushes and wooden sticks can offer advantages in periodontally involved dentitions. Despite new products and design modifications, mechanical measures require manual dexterity and cognitive ability. Chemotherapeutic supplementation of mechanical measures using dentifrices, mouthrinses, gels and chewing gums as delivery vehicles can improve oral hygiene. AIM: To assess oral hygiene awareness among patients who visit dental college and hospital in Chennai MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study performed among 76 outpatients in a private dental college. The data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 23 RESULT: 78% respondents used toothbrush and toothpaste for cleaning their teeth. 53.9% of the respondents reported to have halitosis. 39.5% of the study respondents visited dentists only when they have a problem. About (78%) respondents used toothbrush and toothpaste and (21%) respondents used toothbrush and powder. Majority of the participants were aware about the association of systemic health and oral health. Females were more aware when compared to males. (p value - 0.013). Study participants' education is not related with the awareness about association of systemic health and oral health and also importance of dental visit. CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene practices were moderate among the study participants. Awareness about the association of systemic health and oral health was more among females. Study participants' education is not related with the oral health awareness
oral hygiene, systemic health, innovative analysis
Pharmaceutico-Analytical Standardization of Bhagottar Gudika: A Herbomineral Formulation
Pharmaceutical standardization is essential to ensure the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of Ayurvedic formulations. The present study focuses on Bhagottar Gudika (BG), a classical herbo-mineral formulation described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali (15/127–29), which lacks standardized analytical data. BG was prepared in three batches using purified mercury (Parada), purified sulphur (Gandhaka), and powdered herbal drugs including Pippali, Haritaki, Bibhitaki, Vasamoola, and Bharangi twak, with Babbula patra swarasa as the bhavana dravya. Standard pharmaceutical procedures such as Shodhana, Mardana, and Bhavana were performed following classical texts. The prepared samples were evaluated using organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological parameters as per the guidelines of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and CCRAS. Analytical results revealed uniformity in hardness, friability, disintegration time, pH, ash values, and extractive values among the three batches, all within pharmacopoeial limits. Microbial load was also within permissible ranges, confirming safety. The findings establish preliminary standardization parameters for BG, which can serve as reference values and a fingerprint profile for future research. This study highlights the importance of integrating classical Ayurvedic methods with modern analytical tools to ensure quality, safety, and reproducibility of traditional formulations.
Bhagottar Gudika, pharmaceutical standardization, herbo-mineral formulation, Ayurveda, quality control
Leveraged Buyouts in the Food and Nutrition Industry: A Literature Review and Restructuring Analysis
This paper explores the role of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) in the food and nutrition industry, focusing on literature published until 2021. By reviewing academic research and industry case studies, it highlights the financial and operational restructuring impacts of private equity-led LBOs. A SWOT analysis is developed to evaluate the strategic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of LBOs in this sector. Additionally, pre- and post-restructuring comparisons of key companies, such as Kraft Heinz, Atkins Nutritionals, Post Holdings, and Hostess Brands, are presented. Findings suggest that while LBOs drive efficiency and financial performance, they often compromise long-term innovation and sustainability. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for ESG-oriented approaches to align LBO restructuring with sustainable food and nutrition goals.
Leveraged Buyouts, Food and Nutrition Industry, Private Equity, Restructuring, Financial Performance, Operational Efficiency, SWOT Analysis, Trade Sales, IPO, Secondary Buyouts, Recapitalization, Spacs, Kraft Heinz, Atkins Nutritionals, Post Holdings, Hostess Brands, Innovation, Sustainability, ESG, Long-Term Value, Corporate Governance.
Copyright (c) 2022 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Palm Oil’s Carbon Footprint in Skincare: A Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Formulations
The analysis evaluates the carbo-footprint of palm oil in skincare on the basis of lifecycle assessment. It shows the results that through deforestation and use of peatlands in palm plantation, the emissions are vastly elevated. The type of surfactant, packaging and distribution are the other big contributors to the environment. Sustainable sourcing and formulating decisions can have large repercussions to the ecological footprint of skincare on your part.
Sustainability, Palm Oil, Lifecycle Assessment, Carbon Footprint, Skincare
Copyright (c) 2023 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation Of Cognitive Functions And Emotional Disturbances In Elderly Patients Using Smart Phone Mobiles
BACKGROUND: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slow ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain.brings mental laziness. When people are given smartphones they reduce the memory storing OBJECTIVE : The present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non users and users METHODS: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups.Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landlineGroup 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language,abstraction and recall was analysed. The results were tabulated and statistically analysed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges and hospitals . The data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 23. RESULTS: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention,sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders. CONCLUSION: Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives
Effects Of Charcoal In Tooth Discolouration And Morphology - An In Vitro Study
INTRODUCTION : Charcoal toothpastes are used in oral hygiene products, for toothbrushing, extrinsic stain removal, it is claimed as 'tooth whitening'. You can find an array of dental products containing activated charcoal from toothpastes to many food products. Products coffee stains, wine stains,and plaque.Since there is no data behind the claims that activated charcoal is safe or effective, products containing these ingredients aren't eligible for the American Dental Association (ADA). AIM: Finding the effects of charcoal in tooth discolouration and morphology. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 6 non-carious teeth were taken in One solution of diluted water and another solution of charcoal toothpaste and were taken in a beaker. The six non-carious teeth were put on the solution of distilled water and charcoal paste diluted solution.Later the measurements were taken.Then the tooth was observed for 3 days in the solution.Then the tooth was taken out for observation and the readings were taken and changes noted. RESULT: From the observation it is concluded that charcoal gives some discoloration to the teeth by whitening the tooth and no changes in morphology.And it is not completely safe to use charcoal in dental products and dentistry. CONCLUSION: Activated charcoal may whitens the teeth but it is not effectively proved and charcoal is not safe as it has sorbitol.In recent times activated charcoal is used in toothpaste, ice creams,soaps,but more research may be required to know the beneficial and deleterious effects on human health.
Discolouration, Charcoal, Oral health, teeth whitening.
Comparative Analysis of Surface Hardening Techniques for Motorcycle Chain Sprockets: Plasma Nitriding vs. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Coatings
This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of surface hardening techniques for motorcycle chain sprockets, focusing on plasma nitriding versus Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coatings including Titanium Nitride (TiN), Chromium Nitride (CrN), and Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN). The research evaluates wear resistance, surface hardness, friction coefficient, and cost-effectiveness of these surface treatment methods. Experimental testing was conducted using pin-on-disk tribometer and reciprocating wear tests under controlled conditions simulating real motorcycle operating environments. AISI 1045 steel substrates were treated with plasma nitriding at 520°C for 4 hours and PVD coatings with thickness ranging from 2-5 μm. Results indicate that plasma nitriding achieved superior wear resistance with 68% reduction in wear rate compared to untreated specimens, while TiAlN coating showed 72% improvement. Surface hardness increased from 180 HV to 650 HV for plasma nitrided samples and up to 2800 HV for PVD coated specimens. The study reveals that while PVD coatings provide superior surface hardness, plasma nitriding offers better depth of hardening and cost-effectiveness for motorcycle applications. This comparative analysis provides crucial insights for manufacturers in selecting optimal surface treatment technologies for enhanced sprocket durability and performance.
Chain sprockets, Plasma nitriding, PVD coatings, Tribological properties, Wear resistance, Surface hardening, Motorcycle applications