Plant Drought Stress: Fromimpact Of Drought Stress On Plant Morphological, Biochemical And Physiological Features To Role Of Nutrients In Drought Stress Alleviation

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Yasaman Shahriari

Abstract

Water, the basic element for humanity and agriculture, is becoming an increasingly limited resource. Water shortage is a major abiotic problem that affects productivity in agriculture worldwide. The effects of drought stress on the normal physiology and growth of plants are diverse. It leads to increased solutes outside the root concentration relative to the inner roots, which leads to reverse osmosis. This removes the cell membrane from the cellular wall, which can lead to cell death. The interaction with water-absorbing roots creates water stress, resulting in a gap in the soil-plant-air continuum. Water is drawn from root cells, resulting to cell membrane shrinking and decreased membrane integrity as the plant continues to lose water through transpiration, which may eventually result in cell death. Drought stress affects photosynthesis in plants by stomach removal, chlorophyll destruction and photosynthesis. They disturb the balance of the production and antioxidant defense of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in the increase of ROS that causes oxidative stress on proteins, membrane lipids and other cell components. Mineral elements serve for a range of plant functions, including preservation of the charged balance, transporting electron, building blocks, activation of enzymes and supplying osmotic turgor and development. The aim of the study is to offer a comprehensive review of numerous macronutrients and micronutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium, zinc and examine ways in which those nutrients help to reduce the adverse effect of drought on farmers.

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