NANO-ADDITIVES, CI ENGINE EMISSION AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS – A REVIEW

Abstract

Fuel reserves are declining because of high standard of urban class, have led to an energy crisis and an enormous increase in the demand and cost of the fossil fuels. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) has predicted that the global fuel consumption mainly liquid fuel, will rise from 86.1 million bbl/day to 110.6 million bbl/day by the year 2035 and the global sales of passenger cars are forecasted to hit 78.6 million vehicles in 2017. The consumption of petroleum products can carry the key environmental impact that may be regional or global in scale, including air pollution, climate change, and oil spills. The dependency of world energy on conventional fuels such as petroleum-based products, coal, and natural gas has elevated to two-thirds of the global energy demand. Biodiesel is an unsurpassed alternative fuel source intended to extend the value to fossil fuels, and the longevity and cleanliness of diesel engines. It reduces the dependence on the foreign fuels and reduces the greenhouse gas emissions due to its closed carbon cycle. The present work summarizes the literature from most recent articles on nanoparticles as a liquid fuel additive. The effect of dispersion of several nanoparticles on the enhancement in the performance characteristics and reduction in emission of a CI engine fuelled with diesel-biodiesel blends are discussed. Nevertheless, few obstacles and challenges which have been recognized in this review must be addressed before they can be fully put into practice in the industrial applications.