Biochemical Balances Between Oxidant/Antioxidant Biomolecules In Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is regarded as the leading cause of disability and increased mortality rate among people. It is characterised by elevated glucose concentration because of a defect in resistance to insulin and insulin secretion action. However, Diabetes may contribute to other diabetic complications. Therefore, DM management is essential, requiring strict control of the blood glucose level by utilising pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Aside from other complications, the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is primarily observed among patients with Diabetes. Although Oxidants such as ROS reactive oxygen species contribute to intracellular signalling, cell survival and proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, and ion transportation, their overproduction could damage several biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, DNA, and proteins. In addition, oxidants may also cause cell damage and homeostatic disruption. The production of free radicals or Oxidants is strictly regulated by antioxidant defence systems (ADS), which aim to eliminate or minimise the negative impact of these reactive products. Studies have noticed increased production of oxidants and free radicals among diabetic patients compared to healthy people. While on the other hand, the potential activity of the antioxidants defence system is also reduced among patients with Diabetes which is responsible for the detoxification of these reactive products. The study's primary aim is toevaluate several pathways through which the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance may lead to hypoglycemia among diabetes patients. While on the other hand, Modern drugs that are more disease-specific have emerged to retain the balance between oxidants/antioxidants such as nebivolol, celiprolol and carvedilol.