Review on modified solid supported potassium permanganate and its reaction mechanism for solvent-free heterogeneous oxidation of organic functional groups

Abstract

Potassium permanganate adsorption on the surface of solid support changes the selectivity and reactivity in several reactions leading to environmentally sustainable and greener prospects. Potassium permanganate supported alumina acts efficiently in the oxidation of urazoles to triazolinediones, dehydrogenation of 2-imidazolines to corresponding imidazoles, conversion of oximes into carbonyl compounds under solid-state conditions, chemical cleavage reactions of DNA on silica support, oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones under solvent-free conditions, oxidations of sulfides and thiols to sulfoxides and disulfides, and oxidative deprotection of trimethylsilyl and tetrahydropyranyl ethers and of ethylene acetals to the corresponding carbonyl compounds. Addition of manganese dioxide accelerates the oxidation of alkyl arenes, sulfides and allylic alcohols by potassium permanganate under solvent-free and heterogeneous conditions. Almost in all the cases, the reaction times is shorter and yields of the product is higher. When used in solution, permanganate reacts rapidly with alkenes, converting them into diols, ketols or cleavage products. When permanganate is adsorbed onto an inert solid support and used as a heterogeneous oxidant, however, some alkenes are resistant to oxidation and may actually inhibit the rate of oxidation of other reductants.