Detection Of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene In Methicillin-Resistant S.Aureus Isolated From Different Sources In Kirkuk-Iraq

Abstract

Panton Valentine Leukocidin is a cytotoxin produced by most methicillin-resistant strains in the community. It is encoded by two genes, LukS-PV and LukF-PV. It is transmitted by Bacteriophage, causing lysis of white blood cells and tissue necrosis;when it spreads in the lung, it causes severe pneumonia that leads to death.300 samples were collected including 200 clinical samples that include samples of nose, urine, wounds and burns from different hospitals and centers in Kirkuk. 100 environmental samples include 50 samples of soil and water taken from Kirkuk areas and 50 food samples that include milk, cheese, meat from shops and butchery for the period Staphylococcus d 27 environmental isolates were clinical isolates an60 .April, 2021th20November to stfrom 1aureus. They were diagnosed using phenotypic, microscopic, biochemical and confirmatory tests using the Api-Staph system. They were divided into 34 isolates from the nose, 9 from urine, and 8 from wounds and 9 isolates from burns, while the environmental isolates include 11 isolates from soil, 5 isolates from water, 5 isolates from milk, 4 isolates from meat and 2 isolates from cheese. Methicillin-resistant strains were detecte based on both of Oxacillin and Cefoxitin. It was found that 32 of 60 clinical isolates and 13 of 27 environmental isolates were MRSA.A sensitivity test was conducted for 15 common antibiotics.The bacteria showed a high sensitivity to Naldexic Acid by 71.1%,while all isolates were resistant to Oxacillin, Amoxicillin, Cefoxitin, and Vancomycin by 100%.The gene encoding PVL was detected in all MRSA isolates using Conventional PCR technique, where the results showed the presence of the gene in 30 clinical isolates with a percentage of 94.17%,including 15 isolates from the nose, 5 isolates from urine,5 isolates from burns and 5 isolates from wounds. As for the 13 environmental isolates, the percentage of gene presence in them was estimated at 83.2%, they included 5 isolates from soil, one isolates from water, and two isolates Of meat, one isolate of cheese and one isolate of milk