The paradigm governing new security strategy of Europe with an emphasis on the role of culture

Abstract

The economic crisis of 2008 that led to the debt crisis in 2011, the Arab revolutions in 2011 that led to the rise of ISIS and the civil war in Syria and Iraq in 2014, the war in Libya in 2011, the Ukraine crisis, and Russia's invasion of Crimea in 2014, the asylum crisis in 2015, the referendum on Britain's exit from the European Union, and the inauguration of Donald Trump in the United States in 2016 were all crises that resulted in threats such as the spread of poverty in Europe, terrorism, immigration and asylum, populism and extremist nationalism, the resurgence of the Russian threat, the gap in transatlantic relations, the rise of China, the inefficiency of the European Union, the threats to energy, environmental and cyber security, and the emergence of a new European security environment in general. New security challenges have made it clear to European officials that, unlike previous approaches to security, which were based on the logic of separating internal security from external security and closing external borders to ensure internal security, in the new security environment, with the characteristics of mutual security dependence and mutual vulnerability, stability and security can no longer be achieved based on the old attitudes and approaches toward security. Therefore, in such a new interdependent security environment; realism and pragmatism must form the general spirit of the new European foreign and security policy strategy. Therefore, with the drafting of the Global Strategy Document in 2016, the EU leaders tried to take a realistic look at the current international position of the EU and have a correct understanding of the new political and security situation, and also give an appropriate and efficient response to the wide-ranging changes that have taken place in the overall security situation in Europe. Meanwhile, considering the fact that, the most important source of instability and insecurity in the European Union is its surroundings, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, the new European security strategy has a special focus on these regions and their influential powers. This security strategy is designed to influence these areas through culture because the most important tool for the union to influence its normative power is its ability to shape the norms of other societies. In this research, by the use of the descriptive-analytical method and the theory of soft power, an attempt has been made to study the paradigm governing the new European security strategy with an emphasis on the role of culture.