Evaluation Of Potential Biomarker And Genetic HLA Alleles Profile In Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 Patients

Abstract

Background :type1 diabetes mellites is an autoimmune disease result from deterioration of glucose metabolism along
with beta cell gradually distraction in Langerhans islets in pancreas by influence of genetic and environmental
conditions. The major genetic determinants of this disease are polymorphisms of class II HLA genes encoding DQ and
DR.
Aim: to compare presence of some auto antibodies, cytokines and class II HLA haplotypes in diabetes millets type1
patient and healthy individuals.
Methods. Case-control study included 70 blood samples from unrelated T1DM patients attended to diabetes center in
Nasseriah city (Iraq), in addition to 30 apparently healthy persons as control, collected from October 2020 to June 2021.
The diagnosis of T1D was set up according to American Diabetes Association criteria. Demographical, anthropometric
and biochemical characteristics were evaluated: C-peptide level, (anti-GAD65Ab and, anti-IA), IL-6 and TNF-α titer, FBS,
RBS and HbA1c concentrations were evaluated for all patients and control healthy cohorts. Finally, four of relevant HLA
haplotypes expression (HLA-DR3, HLA-DR4, HLA-DQA1*05:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01) were checked by means of the
PCR-SSP method.
Results. T1DM patients have higher both autoantibodies, but have a significant low level of C-peptide (P <0.0001);
significant higher amounts of FBS, RBS and HbA1c (P <0.0001), higher concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (P =0.048 and P
<0.003 respectively), than control cohort. Class II HLA genotyping reveal that HLA=DR3 the most common haplotype
followed by HLA-DQA1*05:01 and HLA-DQB1*02:01. The 11 -20 age group were the most affected people that have
two of studied haplotypes followed by those have less or more than two. The majority of patients have two
(DQA1*05:01, DQB1*02:01) haplotypes followed by whose carried one, three, or all four studied haplotypes.
Conclusion. newly diagnosed juvenile diabetics were positive anti-GAD65Ab, IA; had a significant relationship with low
C-peptide level. These patients showed carrying distinct HLA-II haplotypes.