Contemporary Geopolitical Perspective: Wawasan Nusantara From The Perspective Of Airspace Security In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

Abstract

World War I has brought a new paradigm of geopolitics, geoeconomics and geostrategy in today’s world and cannot be separated
from the history of human civilization and the development of the world's population. In addition, technological developments
marked by the Industrial Revolution also had an influence on the shift in the global socio-cultural map and also on conventional
geopolitics. This has influenced the thinking of Indonesia's founding fathers and its independence from colonialism. The
establishment of independent Indonesia as the "Nationale Staat" namely the State of Indonesia that unites humans and their place -
the people who are inseparable from the earth at its feet stated by Proclaimer Ir. Soekarno and furthermore declared the Wawasan
Nusantara as the embodiment of the basic geopolitical philosophy and insight of the Indonesian nation and as National Basic Doctrine.
The Industrial Revolution was the factor that greatly influenced the development of the tools of war used in the First and Second
World Wars and later resulted in the presence of Revolutionary Military Affairs (RMA) that is characterized by changes that affect the
character of the conflict dramatically in a very short period of time. Thus, these changes led to extreme changes in military doctrine
and the required organization, as much as the use of an airspace. The 1944 Chicago Convention provide a strong foundation for the
sovereignty of a country, where each country has full and absolute sovereignty over its territory, including the air space over its
territory. However, the dynamics of the development of the global and regional strategic environment as well as the rapid
development of aerospace technology have led to an increasing potential threats to state sovereignty in the air. The researcher
discusses the dynamic of geopolitics, geostrategy and geoeconomy that require a change of paradigm, especially in the airspace. The
research is based on qualitative research methods using a historical approach with a critical paradigm for critical discourse analysis
with the focus in airspace security in the conception of Wawasan Nusantara and technological developments as well as geopolitics,
geostrategy and geoeconomics.