NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO
Latest IssueVolume: 8 - Issue 5 NVEO is the major OPEN ACCESS medium since 2014 for the publication new findings and research on natural volatiles and essential oils research and applications. It is initiated by the permanent scientific committee of ISEO (International Symposium of Essential Oils) during the 45th meeting in 2014 in Istanbul. The journal is principally aimed at publishing initially the abstracts, thereafter the proceedings of the ISEOs, but is also a peer reviewed journal for publishing original research articles and reviews in the field of natural volatiles and essential oils including wide ranging issues on the analysis, chemistry, biological and pharmacological activities, agriculture, biotechnology, applications and regulatory affairs, etc. Published four times per year, NVEO provides articles on the aromatic principles of a plant or its isolates and are directed toward furthering the readers’ knowledge of the aromatic plant and animal kingdoms. Name: NVEO – Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils e-ISSN: 2148-9637 Contact: editor@nveo.org New Publisher: EPUB Publisher
All articles published in NVEO are licensed under Copyright Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The Gospel And Christian Education: Following The Lamb In The Formation Of Our Schools
This research explores the transformative role of the Gospel in Christian education, emphasizing how it guides the formation of schools, aligns lives, and shapes students according to the teachings of Jesus. By integrating Gospel principles, Christian schools foster spiritual growth, academic excellence, and moral integrity. Through curriculum design, pedagogical approaches, and community engagement, these institutions strive to model the way of Jesus, encouraging students to develop a Christ-centered worldview. The study underscores the necessity of a holistic approach to education that nurtures faith, character, and intellect, ensuring that the values of the Gospel permeate every aspect of the school experience.
Gospel Integration, Christian Education, Faith-based Curriculum, Spiritual Formation, Christ-centered Worldview
Copyright (c) 2019 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
B.Ed Students’ Mindset Towards Sitting in Class: A Study
The Bachelor of Education (B. Ed) program requires intensive classroom engagement, yet many students display varying levels of motivation, attention, and classroom participation. This study investigates the mindset of B. Ed students toward sitting in class, focusing on factors such as motivation, interest, comfort, teaching effectiveness, and classroom environment. Using a descriptive survey method, data were collected from 100 B. Ed students through a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that students’ mindset is influenced by teaching style, lesson relevance, classroom climate, and physical comfort. Recommendations include improving interactive teaching practices, incorporating ICT tools, and providing flexible seating arrangements.
Copyright (c) 2020 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
“Crocus sativus L. : An overview of morphological characteristics, phytochemical profile and biotechnological advances”.
Saffron (Crocus sativus), a highly priced and prominent spice of the global market has massive medicinal and industrial value, in pertinence to the pharmacological nature of the bioactive compounds present in its stigma. These bioactive constituents viz. carotenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, apocarotenoids are the secondary metabolites (safranal, crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin) synthesized by the plant mainly for its defense and survival. These compounds also serve as deterrents against pathogens as well as herbivores, protect the plant against various environmental stresses, help in pollination, pigmentation, seed dispersal; thereby playing an active role in plant-plant interactions, plant signalling cascades and plant microbe-interactions. Their quantity of production is dependent on the prevailing environmental conditions and factors regulating the growth of corms and emergence of flowering in this plant. Moreover, the pattern of vegetative propagation of its corms hampers its genetic modification, due to which a standardised platform for its tissue culture in lab-controlled conditions becomes urgent so as to genetically improve it for the production of metabolites in gigantic amounts and further used in medicine for human welfare. This review is a concise explanation of morphology, physiology and phytochemistry of Crocus sativus with emphasis on its response to biotic as well as abiotic stresses and biosynthetic pathway associated with its secondary metabolite production; thus, highlighting its significance in food, cosmetics and modern medicine.
Crocus sativus, safranal, crocin, picrocrocin, crocetin, abiotic and biotic stress, secondary metabolite, tissue culture.
Empirical Analysis on Investor Behaviour and Sustainability Preference in Green Bond Adoption in Urban Bengaluru
This research investigates the determinants of investor behaviour and sustainability preferences on the adoption of green bonds in the burgeoning Indian financial sector, specifically in Bengaluru Urban. This examines the interplay of financial literacy, risk perception, investor trust, and environmental values in influencing investors' willingness to utilise sustainable financial products. Primary data were collected from 312 individual investors using a purposive sampling strategy using a structured questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using SmartPLS 4.0's Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The bootstrap resampling technique was employed to assess the reliability and significance of the path correlations among constructs. The findings indicate that financial literacy and knowledge of green finance are the two paramount factors facilitating the purchase of green bonds. Investors with greater financial knowledge exhibit increased confidence and trust, hence enhancing their propensity to adopt. Risk perception and investor confidence emerged as critical factors, as risk-averse investors are disinclined to participate without assurances of the openness and credibility of green bond issuers. Preferences for sustainability, characterised by environmental concern and a commitment to social responsibility, are strong predictors of investment willingness, suggesting that ethical reasons might mitigate modest financial anxieties. The study identifies many barriers, including insufficient market knowledge, concerns regarding market immaturity, and the potential for green washing, despite the researcher’s commendable aims. The findings indicate that India requires targeted legislative modifications, enhanced investor education, and standardised reporting mechanisms to boost investor trust and accelerate the development of its green bond market, hence facilitating the attainment of overarching sustainability objectives.
Investor Behaviour, Sustainability Preference, Financial Literacy, Risk Perception, Trust in Green Investment, Green Bond Adoption
Copyright (c) 2024 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Advances In Functional And Structural Materials: Progress And Perspectives
The past twenty years have been particularly fruitful, moving beyond conventional limitations to discover and engineer materials with exceptional properties. Key examples illustrate this evolution: graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, demonstrated extraordinary electronic and mechanical strength, fundamentally challenging existing concepts of 2D materials. Simultaneously, the emergence of metamaterials synthetic composites structured to exhibit properties not found in nature has allowed for unprecedented control over light and sound waves. Perhaps most transformative in the energy sector is the rise of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, which have achieved remarkable efficiencies in solar cells, potentially making them a low-cost alternative to silicon. These breakthroughs aren't merely accidental discoveries; they stem from sophisticated understanding of structural design at the nanoscale and mastery over complex processing techniques. This ongoing work continues to redefine performance limits, opening new possibilities in electronics (e.g., faster, flexible devices), energy (e.g., high-efficiency solar and storage), and biomedical engineering (e.g., smart drug delivery and prosthetics), making advanced materials a crucial frontier for future technological development.
Advanced Materials, Graphene, Metamaterials, Perovskites, Hybrid Architectures
Oral Hygiene Awareness And Practice Amongst Patients Visiting Dental College And Hospital, Chennai
BACKGROUND: Toothbrushes and floss are most commonly used for oral hygiene although interdental brushes and wooden sticks can offer advantages in periodontally involved dentitions. Despite new products and design modifications, mechanical measures require manual dexterity and cognitive ability. Chemotherapeutic supplementation of mechanical measures using dentifrices, mouthrinses, gels and chewing gums as delivery vehicles can improve oral hygiene. AIM: To assess oral hygiene awareness among patients who visit dental college and hospital in Chennai MATERIALS AND METHOD: This was a questionnaire based cross-sectional study performed among 76 outpatients in a private dental college. The data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 23 RESULT: 78% respondents used toothbrush and toothpaste for cleaning their teeth. 53.9% of the respondents reported to have halitosis. 39.5% of the study respondents visited dentists only when they have a problem. About (78%) respondents used toothbrush and toothpaste and (21%) respondents used toothbrush and powder. Majority of the participants were aware about the association of systemic health and oral health. Females were more aware when compared to males. (p value - 0.013). Study participants' education is not related with the awareness about association of systemic health and oral health and also importance of dental visit. CONCLUSION: Oral hygiene practices were moderate among the study participants. Awareness about the association of systemic health and oral health was more among females. Study participants' education is not related with the oral health awareness
oral hygiene, systemic health, innovative analysis
Copyright (c) 2021 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pharmaceutico-Analytical Standardization of Bhagottar Gudika: A Herbomineral Formulation
Pharmaceutical standardization is essential to ensure the safety, efficacy, and reproducibility of Ayurvedic formulations. The present study focuses on Bhagottar Gudika (BG), a classical herbo-mineral formulation described in Bhaishajya Ratnavali (15/127–29), which lacks standardized analytical data. BG was prepared in three batches using purified mercury (Parada), purified sulphur (Gandhaka), and powdered herbal drugs including Pippali, Haritaki, Bibhitaki, Vasamoola, and Bharangi twak, with Babbula patra swarasa as the bhavana dravya. Standard pharmaceutical procedures such as Shodhana, Mardana, and Bhavana were performed following classical texts. The prepared samples were evaluated using organoleptic, physico-chemical, and microbiological parameters as per the guidelines of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and CCRAS. Analytical results revealed uniformity in hardness, friability, disintegration time, pH, ash values, and extractive values among the three batches, all within pharmacopoeial limits. Microbial load was also within permissible ranges, confirming safety. The findings establish preliminary standardization parameters for BG, which can serve as reference values and a fingerprint profile for future research. This study highlights the importance of integrating classical Ayurvedic methods with modern analytical tools to ensure quality, safety, and reproducibility of traditional formulations.
Bhagottar Gudika, pharmaceutical standardization, herbo-mineral formulation, Ayurveda, quality control
Leveraged Buyouts in the Food and Nutrition Industry: A Literature Review and Restructuring Analysis
This paper explores the role of leveraged buyouts (LBOs) in the food and nutrition industry, focusing on literature published until 2021. By reviewing academic research and industry case studies, it highlights the financial and operational restructuring impacts of private equity-led LBOs. A SWOT analysis is developed to evaluate the strategic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of LBOs in this sector. Additionally, pre- and post-restructuring comparisons of key companies, such as Kraft Heinz, Atkins Nutritionals, Post Holdings, and Hostess Brands, are presented. Findings suggest that while LBOs drive efficiency and financial performance, they often compromise long-term innovation and sustainability. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for ESG-oriented approaches to align LBO restructuring with sustainable food and nutrition goals.
Leveraged Buyouts, Food and Nutrition Industry, Private Equity, Restructuring, Financial Performance, Operational Efficiency, SWOT Analysis, Trade Sales, IPO, Secondary Buyouts, Recapitalization, Spacs, Kraft Heinz, Atkins Nutritionals, Post Holdings, Hostess Brands, Innovation, Sustainability, ESG, Long-Term Value, Corporate Governance.
Copyright (c) 2022 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Palm Oil’s Carbon Footprint in Skincare: A Lifecycle Assessment for Sustainable Formulations
The analysis evaluates the carbo-footprint of palm oil in skincare on the basis of lifecycle assessment. It shows the results that through deforestation and use of peatlands in palm plantation, the emissions are vastly elevated. The type of surfactant, packaging and distribution are the other big contributors to the environment. Sustainable sourcing and formulating decisions can have large repercussions to the ecological footprint of skincare on your part.
Sustainability, Palm Oil, Lifecycle Assessment, Carbon Footprint, Skincare
Copyright (c) 2023 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation Of Cognitive Functions And Emotional Disturbances In Elderly Patients Using Smart Phone Mobiles
BACKGROUND: Research shows that smartphones can lead to brain affects which slow ability and start to store information remotely outside the brain.brings mental laziness. When people are given smartphones they reduce the memory storing OBJECTIVE : The present study planned to evaluate the Emotional disturbances and cognitive functions and language skills among android mobile non users and users METHODS: A study population involved 20 adults in the age group of 50-70 years. They were divided into two groups.Group 1- Subjects who were not using any mobile phone but were using landlineGroup 2-Subjects on regular use of Smartphones. Battery cognitive tests were assessed using MINI mental state examination and the levels of orientation, memory, attention, language,abstraction and recall was analysed. The results were tabulated and statistically analysed using an independent sample t test. The emotional status was assessed based on a cross-sectional study using a depression questionnaire performed among 100 elderly subjects in the age group of patients from private dental colleges and hospitals . The data was collected and analysed using SPSS software version 23. RESULTS: As the result of mobile phones as it causes diseases. Apart from cancer, mobile phones influence our brain and nervous system. They may cause decreased attention,sleep disorders, headache, shortness of temper, and depression, mostly among elders. CONCLUSION: Mobile phone usage causes more cognitive changes in middle aged and they must be educated with the harmful effects of more and frequent usage of mobile phones. And they should impact with their family and relatives
Effects Of Charcoal In Tooth Discolouration And Morphology - An In Vitro Study
INTRODUCTION : Charcoal toothpastes are used in oral hygiene products, for toothbrushing, extrinsic stain removal, it is claimed as 'tooth whitening'. You can find an array of dental products containing activated charcoal from toothpastes to many food products. Products coffee stains, wine stains,and plaque.Since there is no data behind the claims that activated charcoal is safe or effective, products containing these ingredients aren't eligible for the American Dental Association (ADA). AIM: Finding the effects of charcoal in tooth discolouration and morphology. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 6 non-carious teeth were taken in One solution of diluted water and another solution of charcoal toothpaste and were taken in a beaker. The six non-carious teeth were put on the solution of distilled water and charcoal paste diluted solution.Later the measurements were taken.Then the tooth was observed for 3 days in the solution.Then the tooth was taken out for observation and the readings were taken and changes noted. RESULT: From the observation it is concluded that charcoal gives some discoloration to the teeth by whitening the tooth and no changes in morphology.And it is not completely safe to use charcoal in dental products and dentistry. CONCLUSION: Activated charcoal may whitens the teeth but it is not effectively proved and charcoal is not safe as it has sorbitol.In recent times activated charcoal is used in toothpaste, ice creams,soaps,but more research may be required to know the beneficial and deleterious effects on human health.
Discolouration, Charcoal, Oral health, teeth whitening.
Comparative Analysis of Surface Hardening Techniques for Motorcycle Chain Sprockets: Plasma Nitriding vs. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Coatings
This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of surface hardening techniques for motorcycle chain sprockets, focusing on plasma nitriding versus Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) coatings including Titanium Nitride (TiN), Chromium Nitride (CrN), and Titanium Aluminum Nitride (TiAlN). The research evaluates wear resistance, surface hardness, friction coefficient, and cost-effectiveness of these surface treatment methods. Experimental testing was conducted using pin-on-disk tribometer and reciprocating wear tests under controlled conditions simulating real motorcycle operating environments. AISI 1045 steel substrates were treated with plasma nitriding at 520°C for 4 hours and PVD coatings with thickness ranging from 2-5 μm. Results indicate that plasma nitriding achieved superior wear resistance with 68% reduction in wear rate compared to untreated specimens, while TiAlN coating showed 72% improvement. Surface hardness increased from 180 HV to 650 HV for plasma nitrided samples and up to 2800 HV for PVD coated specimens. The study reveals that while PVD coatings provide superior surface hardness, plasma nitriding offers better depth of hardening and cost-effectiveness for motorcycle applications. This comparative analysis provides crucial insights for manufacturers in selecting optimal surface treatment technologies for enhanced sprocket durability and performance.
Chain sprockets, Plasma nitriding, PVD coatings, Tribological properties, Wear resistance, Surface hardening, Motorcycle applications
Copyright (c) 2018 NVEO - NATURAL VOLATILES & ESSENTIAL OILS Journal | NVEO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of Natural Resources and Drainage System on Human Settlement in Brahmaputra Valley
The most prominent physical feature in Assam is Brahmaputra valley. This is a great ramp-valley from Dhubri to Sadiya extends over 720 km with average breath 80km. The general slope of the valley is extremely gentle. The Brahmaputra valley is also known as Assam Valley. The Brahmaputra valley's natural resources and its drainage system plays a vital role on human settlement. The water-bodies like river and ox-bow-lake (locally known as 'Beel") and its various natural resources impact on human settlement. Specially in agriculture, transportation, hydropower, fishing, tourism etc. activities governed by environmental condition of river valley.
Brahmaputra Valley, Drainage System, Settlement
Development of Sugarcane-Based Biodegradable Polylactic Acid for Medical Applications in India: A Sustainable Approach to Mitigate the Medical Plastic Waste Crisis
India produces about 1.5 × 106 tons of medical plastic waste every year. This adds to pollution and makes the country depend on bioplastics that cost USD 500 × 106 per year. This study suggests a new way to make biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) from India's 400 × 106 t sugarcane output. The PLA would be used in medical devices like syringes and sutures. This method combines enzyme-enhanced PLA for quick biodegradation, the use of sugarcane waste. It is based on NatureWorks' Ingeo and Total Corbion's Luminy® PLA. The model cuts greenhouse gas emissions by 30% and production costs by 20%,. This makes rural areas more sustainable and gives people better access to healthcare. Experimental designs and life cycle assessments (LCA) prove that the approach can be used on a larger scale and has environmental benefits.
Awareness Of The Use Of OPG As A Standard Patient Record In Routine Dental Practice
Aim: This study assessed dental patients' awareness and perceptions of Orthopantomogram (OPG) utility, benefits, and safety. It also explored OPG's role as a standard patient record. This is relevant as modern dentistry relies more on advanced imaging. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted with 100 dental patients in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Participants were chosen by convenient sampling. The questionnaire had 20 questions. It gathered data on demographics, oral health knowledge, and OPG awareness. A focus was radiation exposure. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Data was statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square tests identified associations between variables and awareness levels (p < 0.05). Results: Patient knowledge showed asymmetry. 70% of participants had limited understanding of OPG's full diagnostic capabilities. These included displaying all teeth, detecting subtle fractures, or diagnosing temporomandibular joint disorders. Still, patients recognized its broader use. For safety, 85% knew OPG involved radiation. But, 65% lacked precise knowledge of safe radiation limits and OPG's low dose. 78% were unaware of OPG's contraindication for pregnant women. This shows a patient education gap. Despite this, 92% expressed positive OPG perception. They valued its wide coverage and quick imaging time. No significant link was found between gender and awareness of radiation exposure (p=0.124). No link was found for OPG's documentation role (p=0.144). However, gender significantly linked with OPG as reliable evidence for medico-legal cases (p=0.0385). Conclusion: This study highlights a gap in patient awareness. This includes OPG's diagnostic scope and safety aspects, especially radiation exposure and contraindications. Patients generally appreciate OPG's value and efficiency. However, enhanced patient education is needed for this imaging modality. Bridging this knowledge gap is important for informed consent and patient autonomy. It also helps OPG be more accepted, utilized, and recognized as a comprehensive, safe diagnostic tool and a potential standard patient record. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is recommended.
Effect Of Fruit Juices on Surface of Soft Tissue Liners-And In Vitro Study
INTRODUCTION: Resilient soft lining Materials can be useful for management of patient with removable prosthesis those who are unable to withstand the hard denture base due to underlying mucosa,resorption of residual ridge,several Undercuts and heavy and unequal distribution of occlusal loads and these are called the shock absorbers MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 sample of soft tissue liners discs was made with the diameter of 10mm and thickness of 4mm.2????m/60 stylus was used to measure the surface roughness. Pre-Immersion surface roughness was measured for 10 samples using Mitutoyo SJ-310 Stylus profilometer and all the data are tabulated and then samples are divided into two groups and the group 1 samples are immersed in grape juice and group 2 samples are immersed in lemon juice for 1 week and then post immersion surface roughness was taken and all the data are averaged for pre and post immersion And it was analyzed using spss version 26 RESULT AND CONCLUSION: We concluded that lemon juice has less ph and increases surface roughness than the grape juice which has less ph
Exploring Brand Equity In Emerging Markets: Challenges And Opportunities
This paper examines the concept of brand equity in the context of emerging markets. It explores the unique factors that shape consumer perceptions, the role of cultural and economic dynamics, and the strategies global and local brands use to build equity. A combination of theoretical frameworks and case studies provides insight into effective brand equity management in these regions.
Irrigants Used For Endodontic Procedures - A Survey Among General Dental Practitioners and Specialists
Introduction: Bacteria have long been thought to be the main cause of pulp and periapical lesions. The number of bacterial species present in endodontic infections is infinite, deprived of nutrient availability, and low oxygen potentials in teeth with necrotic pulp causes root canal infection. These selective conditions lead to survival of strictly anaerobic microorganisms, particularly E.faecalis, which survive and multiply, causing infections that stimulate bone resorption and are more resistant to endodontic treatment. Aim: The aim of the pressure study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of dental practitioners towards endodontic irrigants used in dentistry Materials and Methods: A well-structured questionnaire of 16 questions covering information, knowledge, attitude and practice on irrigants used in dentistry was framed and circulated as google forms among dental practitioners and specialists. Results: About 75.33% of the participants responded that the sodium hypochlorite was the best, Majority of the females know the best irrigant used in endodontic treatment. In this study p value is 0.00 hence it is less than 0.05, it is said to be statistically significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that awareness was created among all dentists about irrigants and many were aware of usage of irrigants in endodontic treatment.
In vitro Cytotoxic studies of Adhatoda vasica leaves on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549)
Justicia adhatoda L Whole part methanolic extract (JAWME) is one of the traditional plants with well-known medicinal values prescribed widely to treat many diseases. As globally, we look towards the use of non-toxic plant based products with conventional medicinal usage and the developing countries depends on herbal medicines for their primary health care needs. The aim of this study is to explore the in vitro cytotoxicity of the methanol extract of Justicia adhatoda L Whole part (JAWME) on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) using MTT assays. The results show a significant inhibition percentage on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) was observed in both assays. In MTT assay the IC50 values was 176.2µg/ml on methanol extracts respectively. Thus, both MTT assays can be used for cytotoxic screening of leaves of JAWME towards the development of modern drug.
MTT assay, human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (A549), IC50 value, cytotoxic activity
Liposomes A Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Liposomes are self‐assembling, phospholipid‐based vesicles that have revolutionized drug delivery by improving solubility, stability, targeting, and reducing toxicity of therapeutics. Since their discovery in the 1960s, liposomes have transitioned from laboratory curiosities to clinically approved formulations (e.g., Doxil®, Ambisome®). This review covers liposome classification, methods of preparation, physicochemical characteristics, in vitro and in vivo behavior, strategies for targeting and controlled release, applications in various therapeutic areas, regulatory status, challenges, and future perspectives.
Liposomes; vesicular systems; drug delivery; targeting; controlled release; nanomedicine; phospholipids; clinical applications.
“Role of Green Chemistry in Synthesizing Magnetite Nanoparticles for Efficient Arsenic Adsorption: A Comprehensive Review”
This study investigates the adsorption behavior of arsenic species (As(III) and As(V)) over a broad pH range (2 to 13.7) and the efficacy of magnetite nanoparticles synthesized via green and conventional methods for arsenic removal from groundwater. Experimental results revealed distinct pH-dependent adsorption patterns for arsenic species: As(III) exhibited maximum adsorption near pH 8, whereas As(V) adsorbed predominantly around pH 4. At extremely low pH (2), both arsenic forms demonstrated minimal adsorption, while their conjugate base forms such as AsO3− and AsO43− showed enhanced adsorption at alkaline pH (13.5), indicating a strong influence of speciation and electrostatic interactions on removal efficiency. Ionic constituents in aqueous media, such as Cl−, HCO3−, H2PO4−, and SiO32−, facilitated adsorption, with cations like Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ further enhancing the process by altering surface charge dynamics of the adsorbents. To develop cost-effective and sustainable adsorbents, magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using onion peel (MNp-OP) and corn silk extract (MNp-CS), and compared with conventionally synthesized magnetite (MNp-CO). The green extracts were characterized for their antioxidant capacity using FRAP and DPPH assays, confirming high phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content. Characterization of the nanoparticles through SEM/EDS, XRD, FTIR, and BET surface analysis demonstrated crystalline magnetite structure with high specific surface areas of 243 m²/g (MNp-OP) and 261 m²/g (MNp-CS). Adsorption experiments revealed that arsenic removal by these nanoparticles follows chemisorption, intraparticle diffusion, and external diffusion mechanisms. The maximal adsorption capacities for MNp-OP, MNp-CS, and MNp-CO were found to be 1.86, 2.79, and 1.30 mg/g, respectively, highlighting the superior performance of green-synthesized materials. These findings suggest that MNp-OP and MNp-CS are not only environmentally benign but also highly efficient adsorbents, offering a promising solution for mitigating arsenic contamination in groundwater.
Arsenic adsorption, pH dependence, Magnetite nanoparticles, Green synthesis, Groundwater treatment
Arsenate (As5+) and Arsenite (As3+), Electro positivity, Electrostatic force.
The Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Plant Piper Attenuatum for Asthma and Muscle Spasm
The study evaluated the anti-asthmatic and muscle relaxant potential of Piper attenuatum (B.Ham.) on an animal model to justify its traditional use. Despite the introduction of synthetic drugs, none have proven full efficacy and safety. The ethanolic extract of Piper attenuatum was found to contain carbohydrates, glycosides, alkaloids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, and proteins. It significantly inhibited histamine-induced contraction in isolated Guinea pig ileum preparation, indicating its H1 receptor antagonist property. The extract of Piper attenuatum 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg p.o. exhibited significant prolonged the latent period of convulsion followed by exposure to histamine aerosol. The maximum % protection is 88.36 of standard drug followed by 71.43, 66.96, 55.65 of P.A 50, 100, 200 mg/kg dose. Skeletal muscle relaxant activity In the case of rota rod, it was observed that the 100 mg/kg body weight showed good skeletal muscle relaxant activity when compared to control.
Effects of drought stress on the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of Capsicum annuum cultivars Pusa Jwala and Pusa Sadabahar.
This study examines how drought stress influences the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and phytochemical traits of two Capsicum annuum cultivars: Pusa Jwala (PJ) and Pusa Sadabahar (PSB). Under induced drought conditions, relative water content decreased, with PSB maintaining the highest level (82.7%). Notable variations in carbohydrate content were observed between the genotypes at both 30 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) under mannitol treatment. PSB consistently showed the highest average carbohydrate content, recording 23.81 mg/g DW at 30 DAS and 29.88 mg/g DW at 90 DAS. Both cultivars showed a general decline in protein levels at both sampling stages, but PSB maintained higher protein content than PJ at both 30 and 90 DAS.
Revolutionizing Natural Product Discovery: The Role Of Generative AI
The traditional, resource-intensive process of de novo natural product design, a cornerstone of drug discovery requiring extensive interdisciplinary knowledge, has been revolutionized by the advent of generative artificial intelligence (AI). This review comprehensively explores the integration of generative AI methodologies, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), in designing novel natural products with desired biological activities. These AI models facilitate efficient molecule generation and optimization, marking a significant shift from conventional approaches like combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening. We examine key methodologies encompassing data preparation, model training, and rigorous molecule validation, highlighting successful case studies in the discovery of antibiotics, anticancer agents, and antiviral compounds where AI-designed molecules demonstrate notable advantages. The review critically analyzes existing challenges such as data quality, model interpretability, the crucial integration with experimental validation, and ethical and regulatory considerations. Looking ahead, we discuss potential advancements in AI algorithms, the enhanced incorporation of biological data, collaborative research paradigms, and the potential impact of quantum computing on this field. In conclusion, generative AI offers transformative capabilities for de novo natural product design, significantly accelerating the discovery and optimization of new therapeutic compounds. Despite ongoing challenges, continuous progress in AI and computational chemistry positions generative AI as a pivotal tool in the future development of innovative therapeutics.
Virtual screening, De novo design, Chemoinformatic, Drug discovery, AI in chemistry, Bioactive molecules.
How India the second most population of world affect less from Covid-19 infection
Corona viruses are recognized as the major causes of the common cold syndrome. The role of these viruses in more serious respiratory illnesses resulting in hospitalization. India is the second most population country around 130 billion after china. The first case of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020, originating from China. As of 26 March 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have confirmed a total of 649 cases, 42 recoveries, 1 migration and 13 deaths in the country. The infection rate of COVID-19 in India is reported to be 1.7, significantly lower than in the worst affected countries. It is possible due to some proper planning and executing of India Government, public awareness believe and support .In order to fight against the unwanted challenge the people of highly affected country should follow the policy of India.
Formulation Development And Characterization Of Gelucire Beads Of Antihypertensive Drug For Floating Drug Delivery System
Oral delivery is the preferred method for drug administration due to its ease of use, low cost, and high patient compliance. However, conventional oral drug delivery systems have drawbacks such as quick gastric emptying time and low bioavailability due to incomplete absorption and degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To address these issues, controlled drug delivery systems have been developed, such as the gastroretentive drug delivery system. This system allows dosage forms to remain in the stomach for extended periods without impacting gastric transit time. Various types of polymers have been used to distribute drugs to specific regions in the gastrointestinal tract. Gelucire, a preferred excipient in these systems, is derived from mono, di, and triglyceride mixtures of polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters. Ramipril, an inhibitor of the long-acting non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), is an extremely lipophilic active antihypertensive medication with 28-35% absolute bioavailability.
"Ayurvedic Perspectives on Postpartum Care: A Review of Sutika Paricharya"
Pregnant women experience a variety of physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy, and their bodies attempt to return to their pre-pregnancy states both physically and physiologically following delivery. Ayurveda provides a fairly scientific description of how to treat women during their periods. The name "Sutika" in Ayurveda refers to a woman who gives birth to a baby and placenta, but "puerperal women" is the phrase used in modern concepts. Acharya Charka has not provided a specific time restriction, although Ayurvedic literature uses the term "Sutika" to describe a woman after the placenta explodes between the end of labor and the uterus's full involution. Every classic has specified a time frame for particular dietetics, etc. Taking care of ladies who are going through puerperium can be regarded as natural. Acharya Sushruta has accurately said that Sutika Kala‟ lasts for one and a half months, or, to put it another way, until she has a regular menstrual cycle. Massage and oral administration of medicinal Ghrita decoctions for three to seven days are used to control Sutika.
Herbal Formulations, Postnatal Care, Standardization, Sutika, Sutika Paricharya
Investor Perception Of Genetically Modified Crops: A Neuro-Financial Approach In The Indian Context
Genetically Modified (GM) crops have been a contentious issue in India, with debates centering on their economic benefits, environmental impact, and social acceptance. This study explores investor perception of GM crops using a neuro-financial approach, integrating neuroscientific methods (EEG-based emotional valence analysis) with financial decision-making models. The research examines how Indian investors perceive the risk and return potential of GM crop-related agribusiness stocks. A sample of 150 investors from Mumbai and Delhi participated in an experimental study, where their emotional responses to GM crop-related stimuli were measured using EEG, and their investment decisions were analyzed through a survey. Results indicate that negative emotional valence (fear and uncertainty) significantly influences risk perception, reducing willingness to invest in GM crop stocks by 32%. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and regression, confirm the mediating role of emotional valence in investment decisions. The study provides actionable insights for agribusiness firms and policymakers in India, emphasizing the need for transparent communication to mitigate investor apprehensions. Visualizations such as EEG heatmaps, scatter plots, and regression charts support the findings.
Genetically Modified Crops, Investor Perception, Neuro-Finance, Emotional Valence, EEG, Agribusiness, India
The Insect Life Of Southern Tamil Nadu: A Journey Through Ecosystems And Conservation
Southern Tamil Nadu, with its rich and diverse ecosystems, harbors a vast array of insect life, contributing significantly to the region's ecological balance. This article explores the insect biodiversity of Southern Tamil Nadu, highlighting the distinct ecosystems, the role of insects in these habitats, and the pressing need for conservation. Through a detailed study of various ecosystems such as dry forests, wetlands, and coastal areas, we examine the diversity, ecological roles, and conservation challenges faced by the insect populations in the region. This article aims to shed light on the importance of insect conservation and propose strategies for preserving this vital component of the ecosystem.
Insect Biodiversity, Southern Tamil Nadu, Ecosystem Conservation, Pollination Ecology, Habitat Protection
Preliminary Phytochemicals And Antimicrobial Activity Of Leaves Of Petrea Volubilis L.
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and conduct a phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts from Petrea volubilis L., a plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family, using four solvents: Hexane, Acetone, Ethanol, and Aqueous. Antimicrobial testing was performed using the agar disc diffusion method against four pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus. Among the extracts, the ethanol extract exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against E. coli with an 18 mm zone of inhibition, while P. aeruginosa showed the smallest zone in the acetone extract (17 mm). For fungal pathogens, the ethanol extract demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against A. flavus (16 mm), and the acetone extract showed significant inhibition against C. albicans (12 mm). The hexane extract showed moderate antimicrobial activity, while the aqueous extract did not exhibit effective inhibition against the tested pathogens. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, quinones, reducing sugars, amino acids, essential oils, and carbohydrates. Additionally, Petrea volubilis has traditionally been used in herbal medicine for its purported anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial properties. The leaves are believed to aid in the treatment of various ailments, such as wounds, infections, and digestive disorders. The results underscore the potential of Petrea volubilis as an effective herbal remedy and a promising source of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of various infectious diseases.