Gülderen Yılmaz1, *, Betül Demirci2, Zeki Aytaç3, Fatih Demirci2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, TURKEY
2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, TURKEY
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, TURKEY
*Corresponding author. Email: gulderen_yilmaz@yahoo.com
FULL TEXT: NVEO 2019,Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Thymus L. of the Lamiaceae with 220 ssp. is concentrated in the Mediterranean region. Thymus species are well known as “Kekik” in Turkish and are used as herbal tea and spices, according to recent records, the genus is represented with 40 ssp. where 17 species are endemic to Turkey. The study material Thymus pallasicus is one of the endemic species for Turkey, from which the essential oil was obtained from the air dried aerial parts by hydro distillation subsequently analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, respectively. The main component was identified as thymol (55.5 %) along with the monoterpenes p-cymene (19.9 %), γ-terpinene (7.2%), carvacrol (5.0 %), and 1,8-cineole (1.4%). The essential oil was also evaluated for its anticandidal activity against five different standard human pathogenic strains, according to a modified in vitro CSLI micro dilution method. The minimum inhibitory activity of the essential oil was 250-500 microgram/mL against the tested Candida sp. suggesting rather weak inhibitory activity when compared to the standard antifungal fluconazole (0.5-16 microgram/mL). As Thymus species are known for their antimicrobial activities it is suggested that other clinical and pathogenic strains should be further evaluated.
Keywords
Thymus pallasicus, Lamiaceae, essential oil composition, anticandidal
References
Babushok, V. I., Linstrom, P. J., & Zenkevich, I. G. (2011). Retention indices for frequently reported compounds of plant essential oils. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, 40, 1-47.
Başer, K.H.C. and Kırımer, N. (2018). Essential oils of Anatolian Lamiaceae. An update. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 5(4) 1-28.
Baytop, T. (1999). Therapy with Medicinal Plants in Turkey, Past and Present, 2nded., İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
Celep, F. and Dirmenci, T. (2017). Systematic and biogeographical overview of Lamiaceae in Turkey. Natural Volatiles & Essential Oils, 4(4) 14-27.
CLSI-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M27-A2 (2002). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeasts; Approved Standard-Second Edition, CLSI document 22(15).
Demirci, B., Yusufoglu, H.S., Tabanca, N., Temel, H.E., Bernier, U.R., Agramonte, N.M., Alqasoumi, S.I., Al-Rehaily, A.J., Baser, K.H.C. & Demirci, F. (2017). Rhanterium epapposum Oliv. essential oil: Chemical composition and antimicrobial, insect-repellent and anticholinesterase activities. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 25, 703-708.
European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (01/2008), EDQM, European Pharmacopoeia, Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France.
Fujita T, Sezik E, Tabata M, Yesilada E, Honda G, Takeda Y, Tanaka T, Takaishi Y. (1995). Traditional medicine in Turkey VII. Folk medicine and west Black Sea regions. Economic Botany, 49(4), 406
Heywood V.H., Brummit R.K., Culham A., Seberg O. (2007). Flowering Plant Families of the Word, Canada, Firefly Books.
Hochmuth D. H. (2008). MassFinder 4.0, Hamburg, Germany, Hochmuth Scientific Consulting.
Jalas J. (1982). Thymus L. In: Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol. 7, Edit., P.H. Davis, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
McLafferty F. W., Stauffer D.B. (1989). The Wiley/NBS Registry of Mass Spectral Data, New York, J. Wiley and Sons.
Ozgen U. & Sener, S.O. (2017). Thymus vulgaris, T. serpyllum, T. zygis. Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler FFD Monografları” Ankara, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
The Plant List (2018). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/ (accessed 1st of January) from http://www.theplantlist.org/
Vardar-Ünlü, G., Candan, F., Sökmen, A., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sökmen, M., … & Tepe, B. (2003). Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Thymus pectinatus Fisch. et Mey. var. pectinatus (Lamiaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(1), 63-67.
WHO, Monographs on selected Medicinal Plants (1999). Vol 1, p.295, WHO, Genève.
Yildiz, B. (2012) Thymus L. In: Guner, A. Aslan, S. Ekim, T. Vural, M. &. Babac, M.T (eds.). A Checklist of the Flora of Turkey -Vascular Plants (Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi -Damarlı Bitkiler), 599-602, İstanbul. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği Yayını.
Cite
Bibtex | @araştırma makalesi { nveo629033, journal = {Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils}, issn = {}, eissn = {2148-9637}, address = {}, publisher = {Badebio Biotechnology Ltd.}, year = {2019}, volume = {6}, pages = {1 – 5}, doi = {}, title = {Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek \& Velen. from Turkey}, key = {cite}, author = {Yılmaz, Gülderen and Demirci, Betül and Aytaç, Zeki and Demirci, Fatih} } |
APA | Yılmaz, G , Demirci, B , Aytaç, Z , Demirci, F . (2019). Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils , 6 (4) , 1-5 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/nveo/issue/51636/629033 |
MLA | Yılmaz, G , Demirci, B , Aytaç, Z , Demirci, F . “Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey”. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils 6 (2019 ): 1-5 <https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/nveo/issue/51636/629033> |
Chicago | Yılmaz, G , Demirci, B , Aytaç, Z , Demirci, F . “Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey”. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils 6 (2019 ): 1-5 |
RIS | TY – JOUR T1 – Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey AU – Gülderen Yılmaz , Betül Demirci , Zeki Aytaç , Fatih Demirci Y1 – 2019 PY – 2019 N1 – DO – T2 – Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils JF – Journal JO – JOR SP – 1 EP – 5 VL – 6 IS – 4 SN – -2148-9637 M3 – UR – Y2 – 2019 ER – |
EndNote | %0 Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey %A Gülderen Yılmaz , Betül Demirci , Zeki Aytaç , Fatih Demirci %T Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey %D 2019 %J Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils %P -2148-9637 %V 6 %N 4 %R %U |
ISNAD | Yılmaz, Gülderen , Demirci, Betül , Aytaç, Zeki , Demirci, Fatih . “Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey”. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils 6 / 4 (Aralık 2019): 1-5 . |
AMA | Yılmaz G , Demirci B , Aytaç Z , Demirci F . Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey. Nat. Volatiles & Essent. Oils. 2019; 6(4): 1-5. |
Vancouver | Yılmaz G , Demirci B , Aytaç Z , Demirci F . Characterization of the Essential Oil and Anticandidal Evaluation of Thymus pallasicus Hayek & Velen. from Turkey. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils. 2019; 6(4): 5-1. |
FULL TEXT: NVEO 2019,Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 1-5